Related Issues:
Smoking status, anxiety, oxygen therapy, air quality, chronic pulmonary diseases
Why Respiration is Important:
Normal Age-Related Changes:
Older adults are at increased risk if they have any of the following:
Conditions
Pulmonary Cancers and Diseases
Neuromuscular (brain, spinal cord)
Bone Diseases
Gastrointestinal
Cardiovascular Diseases
Thoracic Surgery Complications
Medication-Related Risk Factors
Behavioral Risk Factors
Chemotherapy-Related Risk Factors
Surgery-Related Risk Factors
Radiation Risk Factors
Cancer Diagnoses
Assessment:
1. Screening Questions
2. Observations
3. Screening Tools and Measurements
Preparing for the Test (Leader, 2011)
On the day of the test, be sure to:
Reasons for Stopping the Test
Your technician should stop the test if you experience any of the following:
Helpful Tips
During the test:
4. Physical Assessment: standard physical examination with focus on respiratory status and lung auscultation (Campbell, 2008)
Nursing Intervention:
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Campbell, E. (2008). Aging of the Respiratory System. In A. Fishman & J. Elias (Eds.), Pulmonary diseases and disorders (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 263-278). New York: McGraw-Hill.
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Downs, C. A. (2011). Functional Assessment of Chronic Pulmonary Disease. Journal of American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 23(4), 161-167.
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Horn, L., Pao, W. & Johnson, D.H. (2012). Neoplasms of the Lung. In D.L. Longo, D.L. Kasper, J.L. Jameson, A.S. Fauci, S.L. Hauser, & J. Loscalzo (Eds.), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Leader, D. (2011). 6-Minute Walk Test. Retrieved from http://copd.about.com/od/copdtreatment/a/sixminutewalktest.htm.
Murphy, S.L., Xu, J., Kochanek, K.D. (2012). Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2010. National Vital Statistics Reports 60(4), 1-51.
Nguyen, H. Q., Burr, R.L., Gill, D.P, Coleman, K. (2011). Validation of the StepWatch device for measurement of free-living ambulatory activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Nursing Measurement 19(2), 76-90.
Rycroft, C.E., Heyes, A., Lanza, L., Becker, K. (2012). Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 7, 457-494.
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World Health Organization. (2008). COPD predicted to be third leading cause of death in 2030. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/World_Health_Statistics_2008/en.